Lines & LimitsHow betting markets actually work

Bankroll & staking

Flat staking, percentage staking, Kelly, and the maths of variance, drawdown and risk of ruin.

Other topics

  • Odds & probability

    Reading American, decimal and fractional prices, converting between them, and turning any of them into an implied probability.

  • Market mechanics

    Vig, hold, line movement, limits and the operational reasons a sportsbook prices the way it does.

  • Bet types

    Spreads, totals, moneylines, parlays, teasers, props and futures — what each one costs you in expectation.

  • Advanced concepts

    Closing line value, steam, middling, arbitrage and the ideas that separate a priced bet from a hunch.